- For other places with the same name, see Hampstead (disambiguation).
Hampstead is a place in the London Borough of Camden and near to Hampstead Heath. It is a suburban development located 4 miles (6.4 km) north west of Charing Cross.
History
Although early records of Hampstead can be found in a grant by King Ethelred the Unready to the monastery of St. Peter’s at Westminster (AD 986) and it is referred to in the Domesday Book (1086), the history of Hampstead is generally traced back to the 17th century.
Trustees of the Well started advertising the medicinal qualities of the chalybeate waters (water impregnated with iron) in 1700. Although Hampstead Wells was initially successful, its popularity declined in the 1800s due to competition with other London spas. The spa was demolished in 1882, although a water fountain was left behind.
Hampstead started to expand following the opening of the North London Railway in the 1860s (now the North London Line operated by Silverlink), and expanded further after the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway opened in 1907 (now part of the Northern Line) and provided fast travel to central London.
Much luxurious housing was created during the 1870s and 1880s, in the area that is now the political ward of Fitzjohns & Frognal. Much of this housing remains to this day.
During the 1900s, a number of notable buildings were created. These include:
Of these, the Hampstead Theatre relocated in 2003 (increasing capacity from 140 to 325 seats) and the leisure centre was closed for rebuilding in 2003.
Though now considered an integral part of London, Hampstead has retained much of its village charm.
Politics
Hampstead became part of the County of London in 1888 and in 1899 the Metropolitan Borough of Hampstead was formed. The borough town hall, on Rosslyn Hill, because it was also the location of the Registry Office, can be seen in newsreel footage of many celebrity civil marriages. In 1965 the metropolitan borough was merged with the Metropolitan Borough of Holborn and the Metropolitan Borough of St Pancras to form the modern-day London Borough of Camden.
Hampstead is part of the Hampstead and Highgate constituency and since 1992 the member of parliament has been the former actress Glenda Jackson of the Labour Party.
The area has a significant tradition of educated liberal humanism, sometimes referred to (occassionally disparagingly) as "Hampstead Liberalism".
Famous residents
Hampstead has long been known as a residence of the intelligentsia, including writers and intellectuals, actors, artists and architects, many of whom created a bohemian community in the late 19th century. In the 1930s it became base to a community of avant garde artists and writers.
Famous past inhabitants have included:
- Sir Arnold Bax - impressionist composer
- Cecil Beaton - photographer, style icon
- Sir Isaiah Berlin - philosopher, historian of ideas, man of letters
- William Blake - poet, painter, writer
- Dirk Bogarde - actor
- Marcel Breuer - modernist Hungarian architect and refugee,
- Sir Richard Burton - Explorer
- Lord Byron - poet, writer
- John le Carré,
- Dame Agatha Christie,
- John Constable - artist
- Charles Dickens,
- Edward Elgar - composer
- T.S. Eliot
- Erno Goldfinger - architect
- Ian Fleming - author
- Sigmund Freud,
- Stephen Fry - film director
- Sir Ernst Gombrich - art historian,
- John Keats - poet
- Lillie Langtry,
- D.H. Lawrence,
- A.A. Milne - author of "Winnie the Pooh"
- Lee Miller - Photographer
- Piet Mondrian,
- Sir Henry Moore,
- Florence Nightingale,
- George Orwell,
- J B Priestley,
- Robert Louis Stevenson,
- H.G. Wells
- William Wordsworth
Hampstead is currently and has been recently home to:
- Sean Bean,
- Alfred Brendel,
- Boy George,
- Kenneth Branagh,
- John le Carré,
- Russell Crowe,
- Melanie C (Sporty Spice),
- Constantine II of Greece,
- Ralph Fiennes,
- Liam Gallagher,
- Thierry Henry,
- Rex Harrison,
- Jeremy Irons.
- Anthony Minghella,
- George Michael,
- Peter O’Toole,
- Jamie Oliver,
- Robert Pirès,
- Peter Sellers,
- Sir Ridley Scott,
- Sting,
- Elizabeth Taylor,
- Emma Thompson,
- Billie Whitelaw and
- Kate Winslet
Sites
To the north and east of Hampstead, and separating it from Highgate, is London's largest ancient parkland, Hampstead Heath, which includes the well-known and legally-protected view of the London skyline from Parliament Hill. The Heath, a major place for Londoners to walk and "take the air", has three open-air public swimming ponds; one for men, one for women, and one for mixed bathing, which were originally reservoirs for drinking water and part of the River Fleet.
Local activities include major open-air concerts on summer Saturday evenings on the slopes below Kenwood House, book and poetry readings, fun fairs on the lower reaches of the Heath, period harpsichord recitals at Fenton House, Hampstead Scientific Society and Hampstead Photographic Society.
The largest single place of employment in Hampstead is the Royal Free Hospital on Pond Street, but many small businesses based in the area have international significance. George Martin's Air recording studios, in converted church premises on Lyndhurst Road, is a current example, as Jim Henson's Creature Shop was, before it relocated to California.
The area has some remarkable examples of architecture, one being the Isokon building on Lawn Road, a Grade I listed experiment in collective housing, once home to the likes of Agatha Christie, Henry Moore, Ben Nicholson and Walter Gropius. It was recently restored by Notting Hill Housing Trust.
Museums
Pubs
Hampstead is well known for its restaurants and famously traditional pubs, such as the Holly Bush (which was gas lit until recently), the Spaniard's Inn (where infamous highwayman Dick Turpin took refuge), The Old Bull & Bush and the White Bear. Jack Straw's Castle on the edge of the Heath has now been converted into residential flats.
Schools
- Main article: List of schools in Hampstead
Nearby
Nearest places:
Nearest tube stations:
Nearest railway station:
Nearest hospital:
External links
The content of this page is retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampstead under GFDL
