Hematology

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Hematology (BE: haematology) is the branch of medicine that is concerned with blood, the blood-forming organs and blood diseases. Hematology includes the study of etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of blood diseases. Medical specialists in this domain are called hematologists.

Blood diseases affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, the mechanism of coagulation, etc.

1 Hematology as basic medical science
2 Classification of hematology diseases
3 Tests
4 Treatments
5 See also

Hematology as basic medical science

Classification of hematology diseases

Hemoglobinopathies (congenital abnormality of the hemoglobin molecule or of the rate of hemoglobin synthesis)
Anemias (lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin)
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Megaloblastic anemia
  - Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
    - Pernicious anemia
  - Folate deficiency
- Hemolytic anemias (destruction of red blood cells)
  - Genetic disorders of RBC membrane
    - Hereditary spherocytosis
    - Hereditary elliptocytosis
  - Genetic disorders of RBC metabolism
    - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
    - Pyruvate kinase deficiency
  - Immune mediated hemolytic anaemia (direct Coombs test is positive)
    - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
      - Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
        
        Idiopathic
        
        Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
        
        Evans' syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and haemolytic antibodies)
      - Cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
        
        Idiopathic cold hemagglutinin syndrome
        
        Infectious mononucleosis
        
        Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare)
    - Alloimmune hemolytic anemia
      - Erythroblastosis fetalis
    - Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic anaemia
      - Penicillin (high dose)
      - Methyldopa
  - Hemoglobinopathies (where these is an unstable or crystaline hemoglobin)
  - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (rare aquired clonal disorder of red blood cell surface protiens)
  - Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- Aplastic anemia
Decreased numbers of cells
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Myelofibrosis
- Neutropenia (decrease in the number of neutrophils)
- Agranulocytosis
- Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
- Thrombocytopenia (decrease in the number of platelets)
  - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
  - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Myeloproliferative disorders (Increased numbers of cells)
- Polycythemia vera (increase in the number of cells in general)
- Leukocytosis (increase in the number of white blood cells)
- Thrombocytosis (increase in the number of platelets)
- Myeloproliferative disorder
Hematological malignancies
Coagulopathies (disorders of bleeding and coagulation)
- Thrombocytosis
- Recurrent thrombosis
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Disorders of clotting proteins
- Disorders of platelets
Miscellaneous
Haemotological changes secondary to non-haemotological disorders

Tests

Tests used in the investigation of haematological problems include:

Treatments

Treatments include:

Diet advice
Oral medication - tablets or liquid medicines
Anticoagulation therapy
Intramuscular injections (e.g. Vitamin B12 injections)
Blood transfusion (for anemia)
Venesection (for iron overload or polycythemia)
Bone marrow transplant (e.g. for leukemia)
Chemotherapy (e.g. for leukemia)
Radiotherapy (in decline, e.g. for leukemia)

Health science - Medicine - Hematology - edit
Hematological malignancy and White blood cells
Lymphoid: Lymphocytic leukemia (ALL, CLL) \| Lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease, NHL) \| LPD \| Myeloma (Multiple myeloma, Extramedullary plasmacytoma)
Myeloid: Myelogenous leukemia (AML, CML) \| MPD (Essential thrombocytosis, Polycythemia) \| MDS \| Myelofibrosis \| Neutropenia
Red blood cells
Anemia \| Hemochromatosis \| Sickle-cell disease \| Thalassemia \| Hemolysis \| Aplastic anemia \| G6PD \| Hereditary spherocytosis \| Hereditary elliptocytosis \| Other hemoglobinopathies
Coagulation and Platelets
Thrombosis \| Deep vein thrombosis \| Pulmonary embolism \| Hemophilia \| ITP \| TTP \| DIC

Health science – Medicine - edit
Anesthesiology \| Dermatology \| Emergency Medicine \| General practice \| Intensive care medicine \| Internal medicine \| Neurology \| Obstetrics & Gynaecology \| Pathology \| Pediatrics \| Podiatry \| Public Health & Occupational Medicine \| Psychiatry \| Radiology \| Surgery
Branches of Internal medicine
Cardiology \| Endocrinology \| Gastroenterology \| Hematology \| Infectious diseases \| Nephrology \| Oncology \| Pulmonology \| Rheumatology
Branches of Surgery
General surgery \| Cardiothoracic surgery \| Neurosurgery \| Ophthalmology \| Organ Transplantation \| Orthopedic surgery \| Otolaryngology (ENT) \| Pediatric surgery \| Plastic surgery \| Podiatric surgery \| Urology \| Vascular surgery

The content of this page is retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematology under GFDL

Hematology

Contents

Hematology as basic medical science

Classification of hematology diseases

Tests

Treatments

See also