| Year |
Name |
Country |
Topics |
| 1901 |
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff |
The Netherlands |
"for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions" |
| 1902 |
Hermann Emil Fischer |
Germany |
"for his work on sugar and purine syntheses" |
| 1903 |
Svante August Arrhenius |
Sweden |
"for his electrolytic theory of dissociation (see ion)" |
| 1904 |
Sir William Ramsay |
United Kingdom |
"for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air" |
| 1905 |
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer |
Germany |
"for his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds" |
| 1906 |
Henri Moissan |
France |
"for his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the electric furnace named after him" See:Moissan electric furnace |
| 1907 |
Eduard Buchner |
Germany |
"for his biochemical research and his discovery of cell-free fermentation" |
| 1908 |
Sir Ernest Rutherford |
United Kingdom and New Zealand |
"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances" |
| 1909 |
Wilhelm Ostwald |
Germany |
"his work on catalysis and for his investigations into chemical equilibria and rates of reaction" |
| 1910 |
Otto Wallach |
Germany |
"for his work in the field of alicyclic compounds" |
| 1911 |
Marie Sklodowska Curie |
France |
"for her discovery of radium and polonium, and her study of radium" |
| 1912 |
Victor Grignard |
France |
"for his the discovery of the Grignard reagent" |
| Paul Sabatier |
France |
"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds" |
| 1913 |
Alfred Werner |
Switzerland |
"for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules" |
| 1914 |
Theodore William Richards |
USA |
"for his determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of elements" |
| 1915 |
Richard Martin Willstätter |
Germany |
"for his research on plant pigments" |
| 1918 |
Fritz Haber |
Germany |
"for his synthesis of ammonia" |
| 1920 |
Walther Hermann Nernst |
Germany |
"for his work in thermochemistry" |
| 1921 |
Frederick Soddy |
United Kingdom |
"for his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and investigations into isotopes" |
| 1922 |
Francis William Aston |
United Kingdom |
"for his discovery of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his whole-number rule" |
| 1923 |
Fritz Pregl |
Austria |
"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances" |
| 1925 |
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy |
Germany |
"for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and the methods used" |
| 1926 |
Theodor Svedberg |
Sweden |
"for his work on disperse systems" |
| 1927 |
Heinrich Otto Wieland |
Germany |
"for his investigations of the bile acids and related substances" |
| 1928 |
Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus |
Germany |
"for his research into sterols and their connection with vitamins" |
| 1929 |
Arthur Harden, Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin |
United Kingdom, Germany |
"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes" |
| 1930 |
Hans Fischer |
Germany |
"for his research into haemin and chlorophyll" |
| 1931 |
Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius |
Germany, Germany |
"for their contributions to chemical high pressure methods" |
| 1932 |
Irving Langmuir |
USA |
"for his work in surface chemistry" |
| 1934 |
Harold Clayton Urey |
USA |
"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen" |
| 1935 |
Frédéric Joliot, Irene Joliot-Curie |
France, France |
"for their synthesis of new radioactive elements" |
| 1936 |
Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye |
The Netherlands |
"for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases" |
| 1937 |
Walter Norman Haworth |
United Kingdom |
"for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C" |
| Paul Karrer |
Switzerland |
"for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2" |
| 1938 |
Richard Kuhn |
Germany |
"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins" |
| 1939 |
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt |
Germany |
"for his work on sex hormones" |
| Lavoslav Ružička |
Switzerland |
"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" |
| 1943 |
George de Hevesy |
Hungary |
"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to study chemical processes" |
| 1944 |
Otto Hahn |
Germany |
"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei" |
| 1945 |
Artturi Ilmari Virtanen |
Finland |
"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method" |
| 1946 |
James Batcheller Sumner |
USA |
"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized" |
| John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley |
USA, USA |
"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form" |
| 1947 |
Sir Robert Robinson |
United Kingdom |
"for his investigations on plant products, especially the alkaloids" |
| 1948 |
Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius |
Sweden |
"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis" |
| 1949 |
William Francis Giauque |
USA |
"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics" |
| 1950 |
Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder |
Germany, Germany |
"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis. Diels-Alder reaction." |
| 1951 |
Edwin Mattison McMillan, Glenn Theodore Seaborg |
USA, USA |
"for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements" |
| 1952 |
Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Laurence Millington Synge |
United Kingdom, United Kingdom |
"for their invention of partition chromatography" |
| 1953 |
Hermann Staudinger |
Germany |
"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry" |
| 1954 |
Linus Carl Pauling |
USA |
"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond" |
| 1955 |
Vincent du Vigneaud |
USA |
"for his work on sulphur compounds, especially the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone" |
| 1956 |
Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov (Никола́й Никола́евич Семёнов) |
United Kingdom, USSR |
"for their research into the mechanism of chemical reactions" |
| 1957 |
Sir Alexander Todd |
United Kingdom |
"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes" |
| 1958 |
Frederick Sanger |
United Kingdom |
"for his work on the structure of proteins, especially insulin" |
| 1959 |
Jaroslav Heyrovský |
Czechoslovakia |
"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis" |
| 1960 |
Willard Frank Libby |
USA |
"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination" |
| 1961 |
Melvin Calvin |
USA |
"for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" |
| 1962 |
Max Ferdinand Perutz, John Cowdery Kendrew |
United Kingdom |
"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" |
| 1963 |
Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta |
Germany, Italy |
"for their discoveries relating to high polymers" |
| 1964 |
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin |
United Kingdom |
"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances" |
| 1965 |
Robert Burns Woodward |
USA |
"for his achievements in organic synthesis" |
| 1966 |
Robert Sanderson Mulliken |
USA |
"for his work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules" |
| 1967 |
Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porter |
Germany, United Kingdom, United Kingdom |
"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions" |
| 1968 |
Lars Onsager |
USA |
"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name" |
| 1969 |
Derek Harold Richard Barton, Odd Hassel |
United Kingdom, Norway |
"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation" |
| 1970 |
Luis F. Leloir |
Argentina |
"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates" |
| 1971 |
Gerhard Herzberg |
Canada |
"for his contributions to electronic structure and the geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals" |
| 1972 |
Christian B. Anfinsen |
USA |
"for his work on ribonuclease" |
| Stanford Moore, William H. Stein |
USA, USA |
"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule" |
| 1973 |
Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson |
Germany, United Kingdom |
"for their work on the chemistry of organometallic compounds" |
| 1974 |
Paul J. Flory |
USA |
"for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules" |
| 1975 |
John Warcup Cornforth |
United Kingdom and Australia |
"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions" |
| Vladimir Prelog |
Switzerland |
"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions" |
| 1976 |
William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr. |
USA |
"for his studies on the structure of Boranes" |
| 1977 |
Ilya Prigogine |
Belgium |
"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics" |
| 1978 |
Peter D. Mitchell |
United Kingdom |
"for his formulation of the chemiosmotic theory" |
| 1979 |
Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig |
United Kingdom, Germany |
"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into reagents in organic synthesis" |
| 1980 |
Paul Berg |
USA |
"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA" |
| Walter Gilbert,Frederick Sanger |
USA, United Kingdom |
"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" |
| 1981 |
Kenichi Fukui (福井謙一), Roald Hoffmann |
Japan, USA |
"for their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions" |
| 1982 |
Aaron Klug |
United Kingdom |
"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy" |
| 1983 |
Henry Taube |
USA |
"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions" |
| 1984 |
Robert Bruce Merrifield |
USA |
"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix" |
| 1985 |
Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle |
USA, USA |
"for their achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" |
| 1986 |
Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee (李遠哲), John C. Polanyi |
USA, USA, Canada |
"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes" |
| 1987 |
Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen |
USA, France, USA |
"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity" |
| 1988 |
Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel |
Germany, Germany, Germany |
"for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre" |
| 1989 |
Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech |
Canada and USA, USA |
"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" |
| 1990 |
Elias James Corey |
USA |
"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis" |
| 1991 |
Richard R. Ernst |
Switzerland |
"for his contributions to the development of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy" |
| 1992 |
Rudolph A. Marcus |
USA |
"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems" |
| 1993 |
Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith |
USA, Canada |
"for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry" |
| 1994 |
George A. Olah |
USA |
"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" |
| 1995 |
Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland |
The Netherlands, USA, USA |
"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, in particular ozone depletion" |
| 1996 |
Robert Curl, Sir Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley |
USA, United Kingdom, USA |
"for their discovery of fullerenes" |
| 1997 |
Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker |
USA, United Kingdom |
"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate" |
| Jens C. Skou |
Denmark |
"for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+K+-ATPase" |
| 1998 |
Walter Kohn |
USA |
"for his development of the density functional theory" |
| John A. Pople |
United Kingdom |
"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry" |
| 1999 |
Ahmed H. Zewail |
Egypt and USA |
"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy" |
| 2000 |
Alan J. Heeger, Alan G MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa (白川英樹) |
USA, USA and New Zealand, Japan |
"for their discovery and development of conductive polymers" |
| 2001 |
William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori (野依良治) |
USA, Japan |
"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions" |
| K. Barry Sharpless |
USA |
"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions" |
| 2002 |
Kurt Wüthrich, John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka (田中耕一) |
Switzerland, USA, Japan |
"for their development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules" |
| 2003 |
Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon |
USA, USA |
"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes" |
| 2004 |
Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose |
Israel, Israel, USA |
"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" |
| 2005 |
Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock and Yves Chauvin |
USA, USA, France |
"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis" |
