A public university is an institution of higher education that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or regional government. In places such as Australia, Canada, Germany, Portugal, South Africa, the United Kingdom and other countries in Europe, most significant universities are public, while in the United States and Japan, both public and private universities are common and generally regarded as having similar academic standards. Many major public universities around the world were formerly private or religious institutions.
Worldwide, some public institutions like Peking University, ETH Zurich, the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, the London School of Economics, Trinity College Dublin, and University of Tokyo are held in particularly high esteem. In fact, in a recent worldwide university study by the The Times Higher Education Supplement, four of the top 10 universities were public, with UC Berkeley 2nd, Cambridge and Oxford 5th and 6th, and ETH Zurich rounding out the top 10. World rankings by Shanghai Jiaotong University came up with similar findings.
Public Universities Worldwide
North America
In the United States, most public universities are state universities founded and operated by state government entities. Every U.S. state has at least one public university to its name, and the largest states have more than a dozen. This is a direct result of the 1862 Morrill Land-Grant Acts, which gave each eligible state 30,000 acres of federal land upon which to establish educational institutions. States generally charge higher tuition to out-of-state students, a practice which the United States Supreme Court has deemed constitutional because the state is acting as a market participant providing a service, rather than protecting a fundamental right. It has never been determined whether the U.S. Constitution would allow the federal government to establish a federal university system; the only federally chartered universities that currently exist are those under the auspices of the U.S. military, such as West Point, the Naval Academy and the United States Air Force Academy.
Historically, the most prestigious universities in the United States have been private institutions such as Harvard University, Yale University and other Ivy League universities. While this perception continues, some of the top public institutions, like the University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Los Angeles, University of California, San Diego, University of California, Irvine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Michigan, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Virginia, College of William and Mary, University of Texas at Austin and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, are highly prestigious as well. In fact, many of these universities are referred to as Public Ivies in an influential book by Richard Moll.
In Canada, education is the responsibility of the individual provinces, including the administration of universities.
East Asia
In Taiwan, public ("national") universities are considered to be generally more prestigious than private universities and require higher entrance examination scores.
In mainland China today, few private universities exist, and have only appeared in recent years. Several have been founded by large (public) institutions as legally independent spin-offs. These institutions are generally less highly regarded than their public counterparts, as they are seen by many to be focused primarily on income generation rather than the educational endeavor.
The content of this page is retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_university under GFDL
