World War II casualties

Piechart showing percentage of military and civilian deaths by alliance during World War II.

World War II was the single deadliest conflict the world had ever seen, causing many tens of millions of deaths and many millions of wounded. The tables below provide a detailed country-by-country count of death by side.

Combined totals

The total estimated human loss of life caused by World War II, irrespective of political alignment, was roughly 62 million people. The civilian toll was around 37 million, the military toll nearly 25 million. The Allies lost around 51 million people, and the Axis lost 11 million (note that some Axis countries switched sides and reentered the war on the side of the Allies; those nations are included in the Allied count, regardless of when the deaths occurred. There was a disproportionate loss of life and property; some nations had a higher casualty rate than others, due to a number of factors including military tactics, crimes against humanity, economic preparedness and the level of technology.

Casualties by country

The casualties of World War II were suffered disproportionately by the various participants. This is especially true regarding civilian casualties. The following chart gives data on the casualties suffered by each country, along with population information to show the relative impact of losses.

Notes:
Population in 1939-Sources-Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke : spravochnik. Moscow 2004. ISBN 5931651071. and Population Statistics[52]
Military Deaths Losses include deaths of regular military forces from combat as well as non combat causes. Whenever possible the losses of irregular and paramilitary forces have been included. The deaths of prisoners of war in captivity and missing in action are included with military losses. The armed forces of the various nations are treated as a single entities, for example American deaths in the RAF are included with the UK; Austrians, Soviets and French in the Wehrmacht are included with German military losses. The exception being China because some factions supported the Japanese. Prisoner of war deaths in Nazi captivity totaled 3.1 Million^[17] and in Japanese captivity 540,000^[4][5]
Civilian Deaths - Includes civilian losses from military action and war related deaths caused by famine and disease. These figures include civilian deaths due to Nazi terror and the Holocaust totaling 17.8 million^[17] and Japanese war crimes 5.4 million ^[4][5]The deaths related the Soviet annexations in 1939-40 are included with civilian dead. Civilian losses in the postwar era ( 1946-47) due to famine and disease are not included with these losses.
Jewish Holocaust Deaths-Source-Martin Gilbert, Atlas of the Holocaust 1988 ISBN 0688123643
Sources-The footnotes and discussion page list the details of the losses and their sources.

Casualties by alliance

Allied personnel killed, percentage by country.

Axis personnel killed, percentage by country.

Casualties by branch of service

Notes:
Germany
1-The number killed in action was 2.3 million; dead of non-combat causes 550,000; missing in action 2.0 million and 459,000 POW deaths, of whom 77,000 where in the custody of the U.S., U.K. and France; POW dead includes 266,000 in the post war period after June 1945 , primarily in Soviet captivity.^[6]
2-The number of wounded includes 1,700,000 permanently disabled which was listed in Geschichte Des Zweiten Weltkrieges A.G. Plotz 1960.
USSR
1-Recorded losses were 6,329,600 combat related deaths and 555,500 non combat deaths, this includes Navy losses of 154,771. Estimated total losses including missing, POW and partisan deaths range from 8.6 to 10.6 million^[7][3]
2- Does not include the following dead and missing, Khalkhin Gol (1939) 7,974; Polish campaign(1939) 996; Finland (1939-40) 126,875.^[7]
3-The number of wounded includes 2,576,000 permanently disabled.^[7]
4-The number of Soviet POW who survived the war was 2,776,000.^[7] Deaths of 2.6 million POW are included in the killed and missing total.^[3]
United Kingdom
Total losses include 6,224 who were still missing at 2/28/1946.
U.S.
U.S. Army Air Corps losses were about 55,000 killed and missing.^[1]
The U.S. Coast Guard was a branch of the U.S. Armed Forces during World War Two.

Equipment losses

Hundreds of thousands of planes and hundreds of ships were destroyed during the war.^[1]

Aircraft losses

While the reporting of air losses varied from country to country and even between campaigns, it is not reasonable to provide a clean overall listing of aircraft losses during the war. A summary by nation indicates the best known information regarding losses.

• Finland: Reported losses during the Winter War totaled 67, of which 42 were operational, while 536 aircraft were lost during the Continuation War, of which 209 were operational losses. (Overall 603).
• France: From the beginning of the war until the capitulation of France in 1940, 892 aircraft were lost, of which 413 were in action and 234 were on the ground. Losses included 508 fighters and 218 bombers.
• Germany: Estimated total losses for the war totaled 116,584 aircraft, of which 70,000 were total losses and the remainder significantly damaged. By type, losses totaled 41,452 fighters, 22,037 bombers, 15,428 trainers, 10,221 twin-engine fighters, 8,548 ground attack, 6,733 reconnaissance, and 6,141 transports
• Italy: Total losses were 5,272 aircraft, of which 3,269 were lost in combat.
• Japan: Estimates vary from 35,000 to 50,000 total losses, with about 20,000 lost operationally.
• Netherlands: Total losses were 81 aircraft during the May, 1940 campaign.
• Poland: Total losses were 398 destroyed, including 116 fighters, 112 dive bombers, 81 reconnaissance aircraft, 36 bombers, 21 sea planes, and 9 transports.
• Soviet Union: Estimated total losses were over 100,000 from all causes.
• United Kingdom: Total losses in Europe were 22,010, including 10,045 fighters and 11,965 bombers. (This figure does not include aircraft lost in Asia or the Pacific.)
• United States: Total losses were nearly 45,000, including 22,951 operational losses (18,418 in Europe and 4,533 in the Pacific).

Naval losses

Footnotes

1. ^ Albania
   Losses here are are from Albania : a country study / Federal Research Division, Library of Congress ; edited by Raymond E. Zickel and Walter R. Iwaskiw. 2nd ed. 1994 ISBN 0844407925. However, V. Erlikman estimates total losses were 55,000, including 20,000 partisans.^[3] Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 200.^[14]
2. ^ Austrailia
   Source:Australian War Memorial website article, Australian Military Statistics: WWII - A Global Perspective. June 2005. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists 40,463 military World War Two dead for Australia^[22]
3. ^ Austria
   Military losses of 261,000 are included with Germany.^[6] Civilian losses included 24,000 killed by military operations.^[2]and 10,000 victims of Nazi persecution from 1939 to 1945.^[17] The genocide of Roma people was 6,500 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 65,000.^[14]
4. ^ Belgium
   Military losses included 8,800 killed, 500 missing, 200 executed, 800 partisans and 1,800 Pows. Civilian losses included deaths due to military operations of 32,200 and 16,900 victims of Nazi repression.^[2] The genocide of Roma people was 500 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 24,387.^[14]
5. ^ Brazil
   Army Losses in Italy were 510^[1][56], Navy losses in the Battle of the Atlantic 492. Civilian losses due to attacks on merchant shipping were 470 merchant mariners and 502 passengers.^[16]
   
6. ^ Bulgaria
   Bulgarian military losses were as follows, with Axis in Yugoslavia 2,000, anti-fascist partisans 10,000 and with USSR in 1945 campaign 10,000^[3]
7. ^ Burma
   R. J. Rummel estimate of deaths due forced labor and famine during Japanese occupation. Rummel cites sources that range between 60-100,000 dead. ^[4][9]
8. ^ Canada
   Source: Canadian War Museum.[57]Losses by branch of service, Army 23,000, Air Force 17,000, Navy 2,000, 1,600 Merchant Navy. Does not include 700 Newfoundland war dead listed separately. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists 45,366 military World War Two dead for Canada^[22]
9. ^ China
   Sino-Japanese war dead estimated by John Dower is 10 million including 3.2 million Chinese Nationalist military. These losses are casualties directly related to the Second Sino-Japanese War but not including losses due to internal conflict, famines and floods ^[9] Total Chinese losses are difficult to estimate due to the fact that there was no census of the population taken prior to the war. Sources that range from 10.6 to 37 million total Chinese war dead were cited by R. J. Rummel. His estimate of total war dead from 1937-45 is 19,605,000. The details are as follows: Military- 3,400,000 Nationalist/Communist and 432,000 pro-Japanese puppet troops. Civilian deaths during the Sino-Japanese war 3,252,000 and an additional 56,000 deaths in internal clashes. Victims of repression and atrocities: Japanese war crimes 3,949,000 (including 400,000 POWs); by Nationalists 5,907,000 (including 3,081,000 military conscripts); by Communists 250,000 and by Warlords 110,000. Deaths due to famine were given as 2,250,000.^[5]
10. ^ Czechoslovakia
    Czechoslovak Forces with the western allies lost 3,220, forces with USSR 4,570, Slovak Axis forces 7,000 and partisan losses were 10,000.^[3]Does not include an additional 30,000 dead included with Hungarian Army.^[8] Civilian losses include the territories of prewar Czechoslovakia, including Trans-Carpathia which was ceded to the USSR after the war. The genocide of Roma people was 7,500 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 277,000.^[14]
11. ^ Denmark
    Partisan losses were 1,100 and civilians killed by Nazis 2,600 ^[3]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 77.^[14]
12. ^ Estonia
    Includes civilian losses due to war and Soviet occupation in 1940-41. Does not include military dead with Soviet(10,000) and German Armed Forces(15,000).^[3] The genocide of Roma people was 1,000 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 1,000.^[14]
13. ^ Ethiopia
    R. J. Rummel estimates 200,000 killed by the Italians during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War and Italian occupation of 1936-41, his estimate is " based on Discovery T.V. Cable Channel Program "Timewatch" 1/17/92.^[4]However, the official Ethiopian government report claims 760,000 total dead due Italian occupation from 1935-41. Italy's War Crimes in Ethiopia- 1946 (reprinted 2000) ISBN 0-9679479-0-1.
14. ^ Finland
    Figures include casualties from the Winter War and Continuation War with the Soviet Union as well as action against German forces in 1944, Winter War (1939-40) losses were 23,000, military deaths from 1941-45 were 67,000 and 1,000 in 1944 with the allies^[3] Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 11.^[14]
15. ^ France
    Military losses include 150,000 regular forces(1939-40 92,000; 1940-45 58,000); 20,000 resistance fighters and 40,000 Pows in Germany. French deaths in German Army (30-40,000), mostly men conscripted in Alsace-Lorraine, are not included in these totals. Civilian losses include 120,000 killed due to military action and 230,000 victims of the Nazi reprisals and genocide.^[2]V. Erlikman estimates losses of Africans in the French Forces at about 22,000.^[3] The genocide of Roma people was 15,000 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 83,000.^[14]
16. ^ French Indochina
    Deaths due to Vietnamese Famine of 1945 during Japanese occupation^[9]
17. ^ Germany
    Population within 1937 borders only, 7,100,000 million ethnic Germans of eastern Europe are not included in the total German population. However, the 500,000 military and 400,000 civilian deaths of ethnic Germans in eastern Europe are included with total German losses, after the war 5 million became refugees in Germany and Austria.
18. ^ Dr. Rűdiger Overmans of the German Military History Office in Potsdam has provided a reassessment of German military losses based on a statistical analysis of German High Command personnel records. Overmans concluded that these losses were 5.3 Million rather the previous balance 4.6 million. Total German losses did not change, 600,000 were previously listed as civilian losses in eastern Europe(360,000) and paramilitary or police forces fighting with the regular forces(230,000). Overmans lists the following losses- Africa 16,066; Balkans 103,693; North 30,165; West 339,957; Italy 150,660; Eastern front until 12/31/44- 2,742,909; final battles 1945-1,230,045; other( including air war in Germany & at sea ) 245,561; POWs 459,475- Grand Total 5.318 million. Overmans lists losses of 4,450,000 from pre-war Germany, 261,000 from Austria, 530,000 ethnic Germans from eastern Europe, 30,0000 French and 30,000 volunteers from western Europe. Included in the total of 5.3 Million war dead are 2.2 Million men listed as missing.^[6] For a critical analysis of the statistical methodology of Overmans see [58] In addition to these losses the Wehrmacht High Command reported the losses of Soviet citizens serving in the German military separately. A Russian source, G. I. Kirosheev reported these losses as 215,000^[7]. In this schedule they are recorded with German military losses.
19. ^  Civilian losses include 400,000 killed in air attacks and 600,000 victims of Nazi persecution from 1939 to 1945 including 300,000 political prisoners.^[17]Rűdiger Overmans^[6] estimates 1,100,000 German civilian dead in eastern Europe as the result of the 1945 military campaign and the expulsion of Germans after World War II. Postwar deaths of about 500,000 due to famine are not included in these losses. The genocide of Roma people was 15,000 persons.^[13] Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 160,000.^[14]
20. ^ Greece
    The losses listed here are those reported by Frumkin which included 20,000 military deaths, 60,000 civilians, 80,000 deportees and 140,000 famine deaths.^[2] However, V. Erlikman lists losses of 435,000. Military- 20,000 killed, 10,000 POW and 30,000 partisans. Civilian- 10,000 killed due to military action; 155,000 deaths due Nazi reprisals and genocide; and 210,000 famine deaths.^[3] Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 71,301.^[14]
21. ^ Hungary
    Tamás Stark of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has provided the following assessment of Hungarian losses from 1941-45. Military losses were 300,000 including 200,000 missing. Civilian losses of 280,000 included 45,000 killed in 1944-45 Soviet offensive. Hungarian military losses include 110,000 men who were conscripted in Slovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia.^[8] The genocide of Roma people was 28,000 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 200,000.^[14]. Hungarian military losses include the deaths of 20,000 Jews conscripted for Army labor units.^[8]
22. ^ India
    The details of the casualties according to the official 1946 report are; killed 24,338, missing 11,762, wounded 64,354 and POW 79,481.^[20] However, the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists 87,040 military World War Two dead for "undivided India"^[22] Civilian losses were caused by the wartime Bengal famine.^[4][9] 1939 Population includes present day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal.
23. ^ Indonesia
    Deaths due forced labor and famine during Japanese occupation. John Dower cites a UN report listing 4 million famine and forced labor dead.^[9] R. J.Rummel cites sources that list 25,000 Dutch civilian internee deaths^[4]
24. ^ Iraq
    Losses during UK occupation in 1941.^[3] For an account of the Anglo-Iraq conflict on Wikipedia see Anglo-Iraqi War
25. ^ Italy
    Morti E Dispersi Per Cause Belliche Negli Anni 1940-45 the official accounting of Italian losses by the Roma:Instituto Centrale Statistica in 1957 detailed Italian military and civilian dead and missing. Total military losses were 291,376. Prior to the September 1943 armistice casualties totaled 204,346( killed 66,686, missing 111,579, died of disease 26,081) after the September 1943 armistice , 87,030( killed 42,916, missing 19,840 died of disease 24,274). Losses by branch of service: Army 201,405; Navy 22,034; Air Force 9,096; Colonials 354; Chaplains 91; Fascist militia 10,066; Paramilitary 3,252; Not Indicated 45,078. Military Losses by theatre of war: Italy 74,725; France 2,060; Germany 25,430; Greece, Albania & Yugoslavia 49,459; USSR 82,079; Africa 22,341, at sea 28,438; other & unknown 6,844. POW losses are included with military losses mentioned above. Civilian losses were 153,147 including 61,432 in air attacks. A brief summary of data from this report can be found online at -[59](go to Vol 13, No. 15). There were in addition to these losses the deaths of Africans conscripted by Italy which were 15,000 in East African Campaign of 1940-41.^[16]. Included in the losses are 64,000 victims of Nazi reprisals including 30,000 POWs ^[4]. POW losses in the USSR were 28,000 ^[3] Military losses in Italy after the September 1943 armistice included 5,927 with the Allies, 17,488 partisans and 13,000 RSI Italian Social Republic Fascist forces[60] The genocide of Roma people was 1,000 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 8,562.^[14]
26. ^ Japan
    Japanese population includes 1.6 million Japanese in China and Korea.^[15] Figures include 186,000 military dead in China from 1937-41 and 1,555,000 from 1942-45. Losses include an additional 300,000 missing military and civilian prisoners in the USSR and China who were never accounted for after the war. Civilian losses include 393,000 dead in US air attacks, 150,000 civilians killed on Okinawa and 10,000 on Siapan.^[9] However, the Yasukuni Shrine in Japan lists a total of 2,325,128 military deaths from 1937-1945 including Chinese and Koreans in the Japanese Army and Navy. Total Japanese civilian deaths in 1945 on the home islands exceeded the prewar level by 940,000.^[15]Post war deaths of persons injured in the atomic attacks is estimated at 110,000.^[3]
27. ^ Korea
    John Dower estimates 70,000 conscripted Korean laborers and soldiers dead in Japan including 10-15,000 killed in the atomic attacks^[9]Korean losses in the Japanese Army are included with Japan's losses. V. Erlikman estimates these losses at 10,000 of the 100,000 Koreans in Japanese military service.^[3]
28. ^ Latvia
    Includes civilian losses due to war and Soviet occupation in 1940-41. Does not include military dead with Soviet(10,000) and German Armed Forces(15,000).^[3]The genocide of Roma people was 2,500 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 80,000^[14]
29. ^ Lithuania
    Includes civilian losses due to war and Soviet occupation in 1940-41. Does not include military dead with Soviet(15,000) and German Armed Forces(5,000).^[3] The genocide of Roma people was 1,000 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 141,000^[14]
30. ^ Luxembourg
    Total losses were 5,000 ^[2]which included military losses of 3,000 included with German Armed Forces and 200 in Belgian Army. The genocide of Roma people was 200 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 700.^[14]
31. ^ Malaysia
    Forced labor deaths during Japanese occupation.^[9]
32. ^ Malta
    Air attack victims.^[2]
33. ^ Mexico
    A Mexican Air Force unit Escuadrón 201 served in the Pacific and suffered 1 non combat death.
34. ^ Mongolia
    Military losses with USSR against Japan in 1939 and 1945 campaigns.^[3]
35. ^ Netherlands
    Military and merchant marine deaths total 7,900. Civilian losses include 20,400 killed due to military action; 158,000 victims of Nazi reprisals and genocide; 16,000 deaths in the famine of 1945; losses of 3,700 in the German Armed Forces are not included in these figures. ^[2] Totals do not include 25,000 Dutch civilian deaths in the East Indies included with Indonesia.^[4] The genocide of Roma people was 500 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 106,000.^[14]
36. ^ Newfoundland
    Source: Canadian War Museum.[61][62]Civilian losses were due to the sinking of the SS Caribou in October 1942.[63]
37. ^ New Zealand
    Source: New Zealand War Memorial Project[64]The Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists 11,929 military World War Two dead for New Zealand^[22]
38. ^ Norway
    Military losses were 2,000 regular forces and 1,000 resistance fighters. Civilian dead include 3,600 merchant marine. Total does not include 700 deaths with German Armed Forces.^[2]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 728.^[14]
39. ^ Philippines
    Victims of Japanese war crimes including the Manila massacre.^[9]
40. ^ Pacific Islands
    Victims of Japanese war crimes.^[4]
41. ^ Poland
    Tadeusz Piotrowski Professor of Sociology at the University of New Hampshire has provided a reassessment of Poland’s losses in World War Two. Polish losses include 5,150,000 deaths related to the German occupation, 350,000 deaths due to the Soviet occupation and about 100,000 Poles killed in 1943-44 during the massacres of Poles in Volhynia by Ukrainian partisans. Losses by ethnic group were 3,100,000 Jews, 2,000,000 ethnic Poles and 500,000 Ukrainians and Byelorussians.[65](go to note on Polish Casualties). Another assessment Poles as Victims of the Nazi Era prepared by USHMM lists 1.8 to 1.9 million ethnic Polish dead in addition to 3 million Polish Jews [66]
    Losses by geographic area were 3.3 million in present day Poland and about 2.3 million in the territory ceded to the USSR 1945[67] The Polish contribution to World War II included forces fighting with the western allies and the U.S.S.R. after the defeat in 1939. The Warsaw Uprising of 1944 cost the lives of 200,000 Poles including 150,000 civilians. Military losses were 66,300 in 1939 campaign, 10,000 Polish Army with western allies, 24,700 with Polish Army in the USSR and 60,000 partisans; 120,000 POWs in Germany and 130,000 Pows captured by the USSR in 1939.^[3]The genocide of Roma people was 35,000 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 3,000,000^[14]
42. ^ Portuguese Timor
    Officially neutral, occupied by Japan, 1942-45. Allied commandos initiated a guerilla resistance campaign and most deaths resulted from Japanese responses to this.[68]
43. ^ Romania
    Military casualties include 200,000 missing in the USSR and 72,291 Killed in action as German Allies. An additional 21,035 were killed fighting with the USSR in 1944-45.^[10] However, V. Erlikman cites Soviet data that lists a total of 550,000 military deaths(365,000 with Axis and 185,000 as allies of the USSR) ^[3]Figures do not include an additional 50,000 dead in Hungarian Army.^[8] The genocide of Roma people was 36,000 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 469,000 including 325,000 in the territories annexed by the USSR in 1940.^[14]
44. ^ Singapore
    Victims of Japanese war crimes including the Japanese Occupation of Singapore and the Sook Ching massacre.
45. ^ South Africa
    The details of the casualties according to the official 1946 report are; killed 6,840 missing 1,860, wounded 14,363 and POW 14,570.^[20] However, the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists 11,902 military World War Two dead for South Africa^[22]
46. ^ Spain
    All deaths were from 'volunteer' soldiers in Germany Army. The unit named the Blue Division was withdrawn by Spain from the eastern front in 1943.
47. ^ Soviet Union
    The official total of military deaths is 8,668,400.^[21]. The official total includes 6.330,000 killed in action/died of wounds and 556,000 dead from other causes plus 1,783,000 MIA and POW dead^[7]. This does not include an additional estimated 1,500,000 conscripted reservists missing or killed, primarily in 1941, before being listed on active strength,150,000 militia and 250,000 partisans ^[3] Civilian losses presented here are for USSR in 1939 borders. Total deaths in the USSR exceeded the pre war level by 26,600,000 from 1941-45, including 3,300,000 civilian dead in the territories annexed by the USSR in 1939-1940 [69] , in this schedule they are not included with USSR losses nor are the 215,000 Soviet war dead in German armed forces.^{[11] [12]}Civilian losses in territories annexed by USSR are included in totals of the Baltic states, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Romania. Civilian losses are poorly documented and may include victims of Soviet as well as Nazi repression. Contemporary Russian historians estimate 2.5 to 3.2 million civilian dead due to famine in Soviet territory not occupied by the Germans, these deaths are included in Soviet civilian losses.^[12] A Russian historian Vadim Erlikman has given detail for Soviet losses totaling 26.5 million war related deaths plus 1.7 million victims of Soviet repression. Military losses of 10.6 million include 7.6 million killed and missing and 2.6 million POW dead, plus 400,000 paramilitary and partisan forces. Civilian deaths totaled 15.9 million which included 1.5 million from military actions; 7.1 million victims of Nazi genocide and reprisals; 1.8 million in Nazi camps and forced labor and 5.5 million famine deaths. Additional famine deaths which totaled 1 million during 1946-47 are not included here.These losses are for the entire territory of the USSR including territories annexed in 1939-40^[3]The genocide of Roma people was 30,000 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 1,000,000.^[14]
48. ^ Thailand
    Losses in French-Thai War 1940-41, and Burma Campaign 1942-45.^[3]
49. ^ United Kingdom and Colonies
    The losses listed here are from the official U.K. report of June 1946 ^[19].The total killed was 357,116; Navy (50,758); Army (144,079); Air Force (69,606); Women's Auxiliary (624); Merchant Navy (30,248); Home Guard ( 1,206) and Civilians (60,595). The total still missing on 2/28/1946 was 6,244; Navy (340); Army (2,267); Air Force (3,089); Women's Auxiliary (18);Merchant Navy (530); Home Guard ( 0 ) and Civilians (0). These figures do not include 31,271 military deaths due to "natural causes". These figures include the losses of Newfoundland and Southern Rhodesia. ^[19]Newfoundland's losses are listed separately on this schedule. In addition to these losses the Colonial Forces serving with the U.K. (See BBC article) [70] suffered an additional killed 6,877, missing 14,427, wounded 6,972 and POW 7,896.^[20] The losses of colonial troops include 3,700 African war dead which are detailed by V. Erlikman.^[3].Deaths in air and rocket attacks were 60,595 civilians and 1,206 Home Guard. The deaths of civilians interned is unknown.^[19]However, the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists 383,648 military World War Two dead for UK and its former Colonies and 24,112 unidentified Commonwealth burials^[22]
50. ^ United States
    Source of military losses is U.S. DOD data [71].Deaths from combat as well as non combat causes included as well as U.S. Coast Guard losses of 1,917.^[16]. Civilian losses were 9,512 merchant mariners, details given at USMM website [72]and 1,704 American civilians interned by the Japanese(1,563) and the Germans(168).See U.S. Congress report[73]
51. ^ Yugoslavia
    The US Bureau of the Census published a report in 1954, The Population of Yugoslavia that concluded that war related losses were 1,067,000. A recent study by Vladimir ŽerjavićYugoslavia manipulations with the number Second World War victims, - Zagreb: Croatian Information center,1993 ISBN 0-919817-32-7 [74]lists total war related losses as 1,027,000. A recent Russian source has given a different breakdown of these losses. Military losses in 1941 campaign 20,000, 16,000 Croatian fascist military, 20,000 POWs and 220,000 partisans. Civilian losses totaled 770,000. An additional 350,000 deaths occurred from 1944-47 during the communist seizure of power after the war.^[3] The genocide of Roma people was 40,000 persons.^[13]Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 67,122.^[14]

See also

Main articles

Other articles

• World War I casualties

References

• 1. ^ Ellis, John. World War II - A statistical survey Facts on File 1993. ISBN 0-8160-2971-7.
• 2. ^ G. Frumkin, Population Changes in Europe Since 1939, Geneva 1951.
• 3. ^ Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke : spravochnik. Moscow 2004. ISBN 5931651071
• 4. ^ R. J. Rummel. Statistics of democide : Genocide and Mass Murder since 1900 Transaction 1998 ISBN 3825840107
• 5. ^ R.J.Rummel. China's Bloody Century . Transaction 1991 ISBN 0-88738-417-X
• 6. ^ Rűdiger Overmans. Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Oldenbourg 2000. ISBN 3-486-56531-1
• 7. ^ G. I. Kirosheev Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses. Greenhill 1997 ISBN 1-85367-280-7
• 8. ^ Támas Stark. Hungary's Human Losses in World War II. Uppsala Univ. 1995 ISBN 91-86624-21-0
• 9. ^  John Dower. War Without Mercy 1986 ISBN 394751728
• 10. ^ Mark Axworthy, Third Axis Fourth Ally. Arms and Armour 1995 ISBN 1854092677
• 11. ^ Andreev, EM, et al, Naselenie Sovetskogo Soiuza, 1922-1991. Moscow, Nauka, 1993. ISBN 5-02-013479-1
• 12. ^ Rossiiskaia Akademiia nauk. Liudskie poteri SSSR v period vtoroi mirovoi voiny:sbornik statei. Sankt-Peterburg 1995 ISBN 5-86789-023-6
• 13. ^ Donald Kendrick, The Destiny of Europe's Gypsies. Basic Books 1972 ISBN 465-01611-1
• 14. ^ Martin Gilbert, Atlas of the Holocaust 1988 ISBN 0688123643
• 15. ^  Annual Changes in Population of Japan Proper 1 October 1920-1 October 1947, General Headquarters for the Allied Powers Economic and Scientific Section Research and Programs Division July 1948
• 16. ^  Micheal Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts- A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500-2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 ISBN 0786412046.
• 17. ^ R.J.Rummel. Democide Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder. Transaction 1992 ISBN 1-56000-004X
• 18. ^ The UK Central Statistical Office Statistical Digest of the War HMSO 1951
• 19. ^  Strength and Casualties of the Armed Forces and Auxiliary Services of the United Kingdom 1939-1945 HMSO 1946 Cmd.6832
• 20. ^  League of Nations, Geneva. Bulletin mensuel de statisque No. 5, 1946- The official totals of the Commonwealth and the Colonies losses were published here.
• 21. ^  Richard Overy, Russia's War: A History of the Soviet Effort: 1941-1945, Penguin Books, 1998, ISBN 0140271694
• 22. ^ Commonwealth War Graves Commission-Annual Report 2004-2005
• Source List and Detailed Death Tolls for the Twentieth Century Hemoclysm
• R J Rummel's Statistics of Democide
• World War II: Combatants and Casualties (1937 - 45)

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